The Timeless Tapestry of Hoysala Sculptures: Stories Etched in Stone

The Hoysala temples, located in the centre of Karnataka, are silent storytellers. The elaborate sculptures that adorn their exterior walls tell timeless and beautiful tales. These walls are more than just stone constructions; they are canvases where art and devotion coexist and where mythology, gods, and the human soul all dance through the ages.

Walls as Canvases of Devotion

The exterior walls of the Hoysalas’ temples were much more than just defensive structures. They served as a sacrifice, a stone-carved dedication, and a tapestry of spiritual symbols and holy myths that adorn and protect the temples. Every corner speaks a legend, and every wall recounts a tale. Thus, the Hoysalas left behind more than just temples in their intricate sculptures; they also bequeathed a legacy that will inspire future generations with its message of faith and inventiveness. In this blog, I will share a small set of the sculptures from these walls!

Narayana Seated on Adishesha: Divine Balance and Poise, : Lakshminarayana temple, Hosaholallu

The sculpture of Narayana seated on the seven-headed Adishesha at Hosaholalu radiates a sense of calm authority. Captured with a Nikon 24mm tilt-shift lens using the tilt functionality, the shot emphasizes the depth and detail of Narayana’s divine posture. Narayana sits gracefully, with one leg resting on the ground and the other comfortably positioned on the coiled body of the divine serpent. His left hand rests gently on his knee, adding a relaxed yet powerful posture of authority to his form.

Shot with Nikon 24mm Tilt Shift, The tilt-shift effect enhances Narayana’s balanced poise, isolating the intricate sculpture against the background and drawing the viewer’s focus to the sculptural details. This composition captures Narayana’s balanced poise, embodying his role as the preserver. The sculpture stands as a testament to the devotion and skill of the artisans who brought this vision of divinity to life, transforming stone into a symbol of cosmic order and serenity.

“Lakshmi Narasimha: Divine Grace at Hosaholalu” : Lakshminarayana temple, Hosaholallu

The sculpture of Lakshmi Narasimha at Hosaholalu captures a scene of both gentleness and strength. Goddess Lakshmi sits gracefully on the lap of Lord Narasimha, her serene expression contrasting with Narasimha’s powerful presence. The intricacy of Lakshmi’s delicate features and Narasimha’s fierce, protective form symbolizes their harmonious union, embodying both compassion and valor.

Shot with a Nikon 24mm tilt-shift lens using the tilt functionality, the image draws focus to the divine duo, enhancing their three-dimensional relief and depth against the intricately carved stone backdrop. This perspective sharpens the details—the finely carved jewelry adorning Lakshmi, the lion-like intensity in Narasimha’s posture, and the layers of symbolism in every curve. The tilt effect allows for a unique emphasis on their expressions and fine craftsmanship, celebrating the beauty and complexity that Hoysala artisans sculpted into each detail.

Airavata and Indra: A Majestic Union in Stone : Lakshminarayana temple, Hosaholallu

The sculpture of Airavata carrying Indra is a breathtaking representation of divine power and grace. Airavata, the mythical white elephant is carved with majestic details—its muscular frame adorned with ornamental motifs, capturing the grandeur and elegance of this celestial creature. The intricacies of the adornments around its body highlight the skill of the ancient craftsmen.

Seated atop Airavata is Indra, the king of the gods, holding his vajra (thunderbolt) with a regal posture. His divine armor and robes are carved with precision, flowing gracefully as if caught in a celestial breeze. Indra’s expression, one of authority and calm, signifies his role as the protector of the heavens. The union of Airavata and Indra in this sculpture symbolizes strength and leadership, portraying the bond between a god and his vahana (vehicle).

This depiction, with its attention to fine detail and balance, showcases the artistic excellence of Indian sculptors from the era, capturing the divine connection between the deity and his celestial mount.

Lakshmi Narayana: Divine Grace and Balance in Stone Lakshmi Narayana: Divine Grace and Balance in Stone

The sculpture of Lakshmi Narayana captures a scene of divine harmony and elegance, where Lakshmi sits gracefully on the lap of Narayana (Vishnu). The depiction showcases a moment of celestial unity, with Lakshmi resting comfortably, her serene expression mirroring the calm and composed demeanor of Narayana. Her feet are delicately placed on a lotus, which is sculpted to appear gently bent, as if bowing under the weight of her divinity, emphasizing the balance between grace and power.

Narayana is carved in a protective and loving posture, his hand supporting Lakshmi while his other arm rests confidently. The intricate details of their attire, from the delicate jewelry to the flowing garments, display the artistry of ancient Indian sculptors. Lakshmi’s crown is adorned with fine floral patterns, while Narayana’s crown is regal, reflecting his status as the preserver.

Gaja Lakshmi Narayana: The Divine Couple with the Royal Elephant : Lakshminarayana temple, Hosaholallu

The sculpture of Gaja Lakshmi Narayana depicts the divine union of Lakshmi and Narayana with an added touch of grandeur and symbolism. In this magnificent carving, Lakshmi is seated on Narayana’s lap, her feet resting gracefully on an elephant (Gaja). The elephant, a symbol of prosperity and strength, supports the goddess with a gentle posture.

Narayana, seated in a protective and commanding position, gazes ahead with a composed and serene expression, while his arm holds Lakshmi gently. The jewelry on both deities—cascading necklaces, armlets, and intricately detailed crowns—demonstrates the fine artistry of the sculptors, capturing the elegance and divinity of the pair

Garuda’s Divine Flight: Narayana and Lakshmi Carving: Lakshminarayana temple, Hosaholallu

In this exquisite sculpture from 1250 AD, Garuda, the mighty bird vehicle, carries Narayana with grace and strength. Seated on Narayana’s lap is the Goddess Lakshmi, radiating divine serenity. The intricate details of their jewelry catch the eye—delicate chains, earrings, and armlets, all meticulously carved into the stone, showcase the brilliance of Indian artisans from this era. Each piece of jewelry, whether it’s the layered necklaces or the ornamental crowns, reveals a mastery of craftsmanship, making the figures appear almost lifelike despite being etched into solid stone.

The artist’s ability to bring out such fine detail in the jewelry, clothing, and expressions of the deities reflects the artistic and spiritual sophistication of the period. This sculpture is not just a portrayal of divinity but also a celebration of the skill and devotion that went into temple art, leaving a timeless legacy of Hoysala brilliance.

Divine Artistry: The Dancing God of Somnathapura : Channakesava Temple , Somnatapura

No photograph can truly do justice to the exquisitely carved dancing god at Somnathapura, a masterpiece that was created around 1268 AD, over 750 years ago. The details are breathtaking, with even the finest pieces of jewelry intricately sculpted into the stone. Each curve and contour brings the divine figure to life, showcasing the incredible skill and craftsmanship of our Indian ancestors. This stunning piece of art leaves one in awe, wondering about the dedication and talent that went into its creation.

Somnathapura is not just a temple; it’s a testament to India’s rich cultural heritage and artistic brilliance. For anyone passionate about art, history, or spirituality, this place is a must-visit. It stands as a heaven for art lovers, where every stone tells a story of devotion and artistic mastery.

intricate Cloth Designs of Hoysala Sculptures, Lakshmi Narashimha temple , Nuggehalli

The intricate cloth designs carved by the Hoysala artisans at the Nuggehalli Temple glorify the opulence and elegance of 12th-century India. Each garment sculpted in stone appears to flow naturally over the figures, showcasing an array of floral motifs, geometric patterns, and ornate weaves. The borders of these garments are adorned with symmetrical rows of tiny beaded patterns, giving the appearance of embroidery that seems to defy the rigidity of stone.

The artisans paid meticulous attention to every fold and pleat, creating a sense of movement and texture that breathes life into the stone. The delicate engravings along the borders and the layered textures of the clothing demonstrate the weavers’ art transmuted into stone, making it appear as if these celestial beings are draped in rich fabrics. The interplay of light and shadow on these carvings emphasizes the depth and three-dimensional quality of the designs, making the garments look almost tangible.

These exquisite carvings stand as a tribute to the grandeur of Hoysala artistry and the cultural richness of the era. By immortalizing the textiles of 12th-century India in stone, the sculptures at Nuggehalli glorify the kingdom’s artistic heritage and mastery, offering a timeless representation of divine beauty and elegance.

Mahishasura Mardini and the Graceful Apsara: Nuggehalli Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Temple

The 12th-century AD sculpture of Mahishasura Mardini (Durga) at the Nuggehalli Hoysala Temple is a stunning depiction of divine power. Durga is shown stabbing the demon Mahishasura with her trident in one hand, while the other hand holds a sword with the lifeless body of a foe hanging from its tip. Her feet are firmly pressed against the bull that Mahishasura is riding, asserting her dominance and triumph over evil. Every detail of her fierce expression and dynamic stance captures the intensity of this divine confrontation.

In sharp contrast, the adjacent sculpture of the Apsara exudes an aura of serenity and elegance. She stands in a relaxed pose, completely devoid of any clothing or ornaments, her form flowing naturally as she plays with a delicate creeper in her hands. The lack of adornment draws attention to her ethereal beauty and graceful curves, symbolizing the gentle side of divine femininity.

This juxtaposition of Durga’s formidable power with the Apsara’s tranquil beauty exemplifies the duality of divine femininity, captured masterfully by the Hoysala artisans at Nuggehalli.

Legacy of Art and Spirit

“The sculptures of Hoysala temples are more than relics; they are reminders. They remind us of an age when art was as much a part of worship as prayer, when stone was not merely hewn but transformed into something that could transcend time. Each carving, every motif, is a chapter in a story that the Hoysala artisans crafted to outlast even the temples themselves, offering us today a window into their world, a glimpse of life captured in the dance of shadow and light across stone.

In the presence of these sculptures, we are reminded that art, when made with devotion, lives on forever. The Hoysala walls stand strong, not just as ancient structures but as immortal testaments to the spirit of a people who saw beauty in every inch of stone and who carved their dreams and their gods into the heart of the temple walls.”

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Cheers ,

Goutham Ramesh

01/01/202201/01/2022

Shilabhalika’s of Belur

The sculptural details on the walls of the Chennakeshava Temple, Belur is captivating. An aesthete is often drawn to this famous Hoysala temple town.

The graceful statue of Chennakeshava, mesmerising Mohini, the details in the ceiling make the temple interiors most beautiful among the Hoysala temples.

However the bracket figures, popularly called madanike or Shilabhalike , on the outer walls make me spend hours for their intricate details; They represent beautiful damsels in various moods representing feminine charm and grace, this perhaps are one of the best creations of the Hoysala sculptors of the Belur temple

In this blog I will show most of the madanike or Shilabhalike I captured recently! Hope you will like them as much as I did capturing them.

This is a the most popular all the Shilabalike’s The Darpana Sundari is right at the main entrance of the temple and it is lady holding mirror in her left hand and looking at her beauty in it.

This is a beauty with a pet parrot talking to it .. Shuka Bhasini means sweet talker.

This beautiful sculpture has her one hand damaged and missing maybe she was holding a color pump ( Pichkari ) , As per local guide looking at the smaller form on the right , filling color this might have been a figure playing holi .. so in 11-12 century AD maybe playing with colors was predominant in south india also

This Balika has dressed like a gypsy girl as per the hair style and she has a parrot on her arm.

This Balika has dressed like a gypsy girl and chasing away the monkey which is pulling her dress , the feet is decorated with anklets and toe ring like all other sculptures.. this one is just shows a very pure feminine posture.

A beautiful Balike aiming het arrow at a bird sitting on the canopy

She is dressing her hair after bath. The attendants are holding flowers and toiletry. This madanika has washed her hair and is squeezing the water out of it. This depiction is seen on a sculpture inside the temple too

A lady is dancing stylishly by bending her body into three portions, one from the waist downward, other from the waist to the chest and another upwards. This is said to be the most difficult one to exhibit. This is apparently one of the most difficult postures to achieve in Bharatanatyam

She holds in her left hand a drum and she is playing upon it with her right hand.If you look closely , the hand that is holding the drum is inside the strings that hold the membrane .. such mastery over sculpting is worth noticing

She is playing on her flute. Her maid on the left side is accompanying her to the tune of the flute with her own flute

If you look closely she is singing with her mouth open and there are musicians with instruments accompanying her.

This is one of the most beautiful shila balika .Her hands and legs are cut out very nicely. Look at the canopy above her left shoulder. You can see a jackfruit and a fly on it ( If zoom , this picture does not do justice to this amazing art ) .

She is a Musician . She is standing holding the instrument (Rudra veena) in her left hand. Her maids are arranging for a concert

She holds a mirror having a handle. She is arranging the curls on the forehead with her right hand finger

She is plucking a mango with her right hand, unfortunately not much is known, this one is damaged more than others with one hand missing and also her maids are missing.

Women of ancient india were skilled warriors as well , this is one sculpture of a warrior beauty with her bow , she must have been a great archer.

This is a drummer looks like a female dressed as male or male drummer with feminine pose and ornaments or a young girl . its anybody’s guess . One thing is sure this is different from other shilabalika and stands out.

This is one of many dancer shila balikes , one hand is missing and she is accompanied by drummers.

Dancer , vaishnava pose of feet with drummers

This is one of many dancer shila balikes , Beautiful feminine form with a dance pose where The feet are kept two and a half Talas apart from each other. One of them should be on the ground in the natural posture, the other is lifted and turned sideways with the toes stretched and turned towards the shin, its called vaishnava pose of feet

She is like a Goddess . She holds a rod with skull at the top in her left hand and her head is dressed with a band of skulls.

Beauty with a bow, a hunter with her fellow hunters.

This is one of few shilabalika shown with a bow , here the bow is damaged , but looks more intricate , the arrow in the other hand is also damaged , the accompanying images show a female hunter with a deer kill .. It shows in 12/13 century India women also participated in hunting and were very skilled hunters . The toe is also very delicately posed .. indicating a delicate movement required for hunting … amazing.

She is practicing her dance. Her maids are helping her by playing on their instruments.

The figure illustrates the epic story of God Vishnu who took the form of Mohini

Shilabalika Draping a saree / cloth, getting dressed

Shilabalika draping a saree or a cloth

This looks like she is a queen or princess , who is getting dressed up by a maid.

She is holding in her left hand palm leaves and and the right hand is in speaking pose.

She is holding in her left hand something that looks like a banana and in her right hand a fan

This madanika is holding a ‘nagaveena’. A veena with one end shaped like a snake.

She is fully dressed and has put on all sorts of ornaments on her body. She is looking at her beauty in proud through a mirror. This madanika is called Abhimani… the proud one. Symbolizing someone who has a lot of pride in her beauty and is also very conscious of it. The sculpture at the left (at her feet), holds up a mirror but is looking away – kind of telling her ‘woman, reality check’.

Shilabalika Dancing with a imaginary flute

Dancing with an imaginary flute ; This one has an imaginary flute in her hand. Look at the details on the ear ring , beauty

Dancing with a damaru in left hand and tala vadya in right hand

She has tied her hair into a fine knot, and she is holding a mast of some kind.

The lady has put on her best dress and ornaments and is ready to go for a dance.This one depicts whose is being adorned by a toe-ring. she is holding onto a vine for balance.

This is one of the few odd one out with male form , with beard and moustache playing a drum , have a look at the fingers of left hand inside the strings that hold the membrane together .. master sculpture

She is holding a playing a taala vadya instrument with other musicians accompanying her

The Arch Dancer, She is dancing to the tune of the fun of her accomplice on both her sides

This is one of the most beautiful shilabalika found inside the temple and this is of Queen Shantala devi , an expert dancer and a very able administrator and an inspiration for all shilabalikas , being a dancer she used to dance in Navaranga inside the temple and she was an Queen.

She is dancing here . See the canopy behind. She is wearing a gem just above the middle of the forehead.

This Inside the temple

A lady holds a creeper in her right hand. A parrot is sitting on the fore palm of her left hand. She looks as if she is having a conversation with the parrot. She is having a bangle on her right hand and can MOVE UP AND DOWN ( Can really move !)

This Inside the temple
She is wringing her hair to squeeze the water after her bath. You can see the drops of water collected at the tip of her hairs.

This Inside the temple

She wears on her forearm, a good number of bangles, which give an impression of moving to and fro.

Thanks for patiently reading and seeing the images as I humbly bow with a sense of awe and admiration wondering at the architectural excellence of the Hoysala craftsmen! Incredible India and it shows what rich culture we come from.

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Cheers

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is TransparentImage-4.png — Goutham Ramesh

02/08/202110/08/2021

Hoysalas skilled artists of India

Hoysalas (1026 CE – 1343 CE) were a dynasty that ruled present day Karnataka, parts of Tamil Nadu and south-western Telangana; Their contribution to art especially sculpture and temple architecture is unparalleled! Their era was marked by illustrious achievements in art, architecture, and culture. The nucleus of this activity lay in the present-day Hassan district of Karnataka, India. Their intention of surpassing the Western Chalukyan Empire (973 CE – 1189 CE) in its own sphere provided further impetus for excelling in the field of architecture.

History of the Hoysala Empire

The Hoysala rulers began as local chieftains in the hills of Western Ghats. With time, their fortune began to prosper and within a few decades they achieved the status of a powerful feudatory under Western Chalukyan Emperors. Early in the history of Hoysala dynasty, the capital of their nascent dominion was shifted from the hills of Western Ghats to Belur. The military conquests of Vishnuvardhan (1108 CE – 1152 CE) against the neighboring Chola Empire (c. 300 BCE – 1279 CE) in 1116 CE marks the first major development in the history of these dynasts. A new age ushered with Vishnuvardhan as he built the Chennakesava temple (1117 CE) in Belur to celebrate this victory; furthermore, he decided to shift the capital almost 20 km to the east to Halebidu or Halebid.

The Hoysalas gained their political freedom in 1192 during the reign of Veera Ballala II (1173 CE – 1220 CE). They soon became a leading power in Southern India and enjoyed territorial supremacy and economic well-being over the next century or so. At its height, the empire consisted of present-day Karnataka, parts of Tamil Nadu and south-western Telangana. However, invasions of sultanates from Delhi and Madurai, from 1311 CE onwards, proved fatal to the then reigning monarch, Veera Ballala III (1292 CE – 1343 CE). He eventually succumbed to these repeated onslaughts in 1343 CE.

I have tried to capture some of their architectural marvels in the following images, I would like to call this as poetry in stone.